Health and Safety Regulations of NSW and Risk Management Essay

Wellbeing and Safety Regulations of NSW and Risk Management - Essay Example As indicated by the conversation, resistance issues comprise of non-prepared wellbeing and security delegates dealing with significant situations in the association, arrangement of ineligible contender for places like bar and gambling club, and so forth. In the wake of leading a review of the entire circumstance and determining the above finding a few proposals, the destinations behind them and a plausible time gauge has been obviously referenced in the activity plan in Appendix 2. In Appendix 1 a hazard appraisal network has been created to feature the power of each peril or hazard that occurred in the association. The significant laws which influence a large portion of the business as Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) would be improved to Work Health Safety (WHS). The reexamined laws have been actualized from the year 2012. As indicated by the new WHS, the focal point of the worker ought to be on the making appropriate work courses of action and furthermore keeping up great conn ections for completing the business. The focal point of the business ought to be on the effect of the working environment, wellbeing and security issues of the representatives. Organizations reserve the privilege to talk with different organizations or association in regards to security and medical problems of the association. The people in the associations would be no longer named as laborers; rather they ought to be viewed as workers. Actualizing wellbeing and security quantifies in the association would be given essential significance and the representatives likewise reserve the option to speak loudly in the event that they find that these standards don't satisfy the guidelines in their association. Each representative must hold a section grant to enter the association. These are the essential changes that have been made in the new rules. Presently let us consider the breaks that occurred in Titanic Cove Resort (TCR), concerning WHS laws.

WHAT HAVE I LEARNED ABOUT PHILOSOPHY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

WHAT HAVE I LEARNED ABOUT PHILOSOPHY - Essay Example Theory has been in presence with the happening to the main individual, and was available even before the antiquated civilisations of Greece, China, India Egypt, and Mesopotamia had appeared. It began when the main man addressed ‘what is life?’, and gradually took an unmistakable shape, as this scrutinizing at first entered the domains of strict conventions and legendary perspectives; at that point developed further to get unique in nature (at first shrewdness was more religion arranged, and the logicians/devout ministers were held in high regard, thought to be in direct undertone with the Supreme Being, and subsequently not addressed by the average folks, out of dread and worship). Afterward, came the more common scholars (that is, theory which isn't hostile to strict in nature; yet only autonomous of religion), in and around sixth BC, that put together their inquiries with respect to reason and perception, instead of religion and custom. It was then that way of thinking took on a progressively humanistic structure and bid, and descended from the dwelling place of the devout ministers and the Almighty God, to contact the lives of all the average citizens. These mainstream masterminds were in this way the primary genuine rationalists, the principal searchers of genuine astuteness. Hence we can say that way of thinking in its initial structure can be supposed to be a kind of request that was common in nature, and dependent on reason and rationale. A portion of the early notable masterminds were Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, sages from the antiquated Hindu way of thinking, and Buddha. Medieval times theory saw the substitution of religion by science, and soon two parts of reasoning appeared which before long isolated from the standard way of thinking; arithmetic and science (alluded to as the ‘natural philosophy’ till the late nineteenth century). Cutting edge reasoning arrangements with questions that fall past the extent of these two part s of sciences and can't be illuminated by them. Notable savants from the medieval times

Making money my campus job

Making money my campus job Lots of students make money during term by working in their UROPs (Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program), but its worth noting that there are lots of other jobs out there, some of which are barely technical at all. You can browse some of them here, on the financial aid website. EDIT: Timur informs me that these pages are not accessible to non-students. Oops. Sorry! I took some screenshots for your benefit, just so you can get an idea: In fact, thats the source I used to find my job 3 years ago- but the website has thankfully undergone a dramatic improvement in style since then. In any case, you can see that there is a huge list of interesting things you can work on. I have a pretty generous financial aid package, but I pay for all of my own personal expenses myself, with pretty limited support from my parents. Tuition, housing fees, and a few other things are charged directly to my student account, but everything else- food, textbooks, travel, clothes- I pay for myself, so having a campus job definitely helps take money issues off my personal list of things to stress about. (Especially because I like my job, and that list is long enough already.) Ever since my freshman year (sort of), Ive worked at the Computing Help Desk, which is part of Information Services and Technology. (Yeah, ISTs website is sort of an embarrassment, isnt it? Apparently they were planning to replace it with a new, fancy, way better version since forever ago but its still stuck in bureaucracy.) So what does all that mean? Well, IST runs all of the computer related stuff at MITwhich, as you can imagine, makes it a huge department. Within IST there are people in charge of running Athena (the computing environment on the campus computers), the email servers, all of the web space (anything with mit.edu in it), plus tons more stuff. Within IST there is a division called Client Support Services (CSS), and within CSS is there is a group called the Help Desk. If youve ever wondered what its like to be the person on the other end of the line when you place a call to tech support, Im about to tell you. When I show up at ISTs office on Massachusetts Ave, the first thing I pass is the reception desk and the walk-ins area. (Normally there are people around, but I took these pictures after hours.) At walk-ins we deal with clients whose problems are too complicated or hardware-related to solve over the phone. I head around the corner to the call center itself. The whiteboard keeps all the useful information in one place- things like useful phone numbers that we often transfer clients to, updates about network outages, and common problems that weve been seeing lately. I grab my notebook out of the filing cabinet, which also serves as a table for the free food that is occasionally set out for computing consultants. Right now its a little bare, but pizza, Bertuccis rolls (a favorite of any MIT student), and bagels have known to appear on occasion- sometimes just as an incentive to get us through the day (like during the memorable week when an entire mail server was down for several days) or because there were leftovers from some event, meeting or conference that was held in the building. (Yes, after I snapped this photo I did grab a few pieces of candy corn. Yum, candy corn. I miss Halloween.) Then I take a seat at one of the stations, which comes complete with a Mac, PC, telephone, and snazzy headset so I can talk and type at the same time and feel super cool. I log into the computers and follow an absurdly complicated set of instructions to log into the phone system, and wait for calls to come in. While Im waiting, I check out the queue, which is a list of all of the unresolved cases that were still working on. If theres an incoming call, my headset beeps a couple of times to let me know someones on the line. I open up a blank case file and take the call. I talk the client through some troubleshooting steps, and if Im lucky (and they have an easy question), I can solve it easily. If Im totally stumped, unable to deal with directly (sometimes the solution requires superpowers within IST that are not normally rewarded to students), or dont get anywhere after a certain length of time, I write down everything that happened in the case file and add it to the queue, so that other consultants can take a look at it and try their luck. What sort of stuff do we deal with? Lots of stuff -theres a whole list of software which we recommend and support. IST provides MIT users with all of the stuff theyll need to get through their virtual lives at MIT- generic stuff like email clients, calendar applications, file transfer applications, file backup systems, and more specific stuff useful to MITs system (complete with their own set of MIT-specific configuration settings): Fetch, SecureFX, Kerberos, web certificates. We troubleshoot connectivity problems, email problems, software problems, hardware problems, printer installation, VPN, VNC, Office, and VirusScan. We get frantic calls from people who saved the only copy of their thesis in their email account and somehow deleted their entire inbox (seriously guys, BACK UP YOUR DATA), people who forgot their passwords, and people who want to make their computers do crazy (impossible?) things. Sometimes the person on the other end of the line says, Hi, Im the IT person at my lab but I cant figure out this problem, which always sucks, because you know right from the start that the person asking you for help probably knows way more about computers than you do, but youve got to pretend otherwise anyway. It might seem like we know a whole lot about a whole lot, but thats not necessarily true. And it might seem like we support a whole lot of stuff, but that doesnt mean we like it. I obviously cant hear whats happening at the other end of the line when my coworkers answer the phone, but one look at their facial expression can be a dead give away that the client just said, So Im using Oracle Connector for Outlook, and Every Tuesday we have a training meeting in the Demo Center, which is basically a room set up for computer-related presentations, with a projector and a fancy interface that can easily switch the projector feed between many different monitors. During training meetings, all of the student consultants get together to eat free food. Well, then we also have to undergo some training in exchange for the free food, but its not so bad. Usually theres a guest speaker from some other department within IST who has come to explain to us the project that theyre working on. So for example, a few weeks ago we heard from the person who is overseeing the upgrade of the campus wireless network, who explained how the new routers work and what sort of questions we could expect to have people call us with based on the bugs that theyre still working out of the system. Last week we had delicious cake, because it wasnt Joannes birthday. Andrew (the student consultant responsible for stocking the food supply) wanted to buy a cake and couldnt resist the urge to have the bakery attendant write something on it. This week we learned lots of useful stuff about Athena, which made me happy, so its a good deal all around. So, how does this fit into my life at MIT? Well, I work anywhere from 6-10 hours per week, depending on the semester and my work load. And honestly, its a nice break from everything- to spend a few hours a week working on something not related to mechanical engineering, outside of the labs and classrooms of the academic buildings. Youve probably heard that working in tech support is an awful job, but I love it. Sure, sometimes you get phone calls from people who should never be allowed to touch anything with more processing power than a four function calculator, but I usually find those experiences entertaining. (Then again, Im the person who absolutely loved being a lifeguard mostly because of all of the nutty people I had to deal with on a daily basis- they gave me such good stories to tell at the end of my work day.) Also, the people I work with are great, both the students and staff. We are a really close knit group, and training meetings (when were all together at the same time) are always an entertaining affair. We always have a good time together, relating Help Desk war stories and cracking all kinds of jokesand only some of them are computer related. Okay, maybe half. =)

Ancient Greece A Civilization - 896 Words

Ancient Greece was a civilization that began during the archaic period of the 8th to 6th centuries B.C. The Greeks were polytheistic in religion, worshipping the 12 Olympian gods and goddess. Zeus (Jupiter) was the chief god in charge, followed by his brother Poseidon (Neptune), and Hades (Pluto). Neptune and Pluto were then followed by Hestia (Vesta), Hera (Juno) who was both Jupiter’s sister and wife, Ares (Mars) who was the son of Jupiter and Juno, Athena (Minerva), Apollo, Aphrodite (Venus), Hermes (Mercury), depicted in Giacomo Amiconi’s painting â€Å"Mercury about to Slay Argus† above. Artemis (Diana) and lastly Hera’s son Hephaestus (Vulcan). These gods and goddess were not equal in power and also rained over different aspects of human lives as well as nature. The 12 Olympians were all the children of the titans who were defeated by Jupiter, who was famously known for caring a lightning bolt, but also for the many affairs he had outside of his marr iage with Juno, who was both his wife and sister. In the Greek society, being looked upon favorably was essential for the family and community so despite the not so godly actions committee by the gods/goddess, they were still respected and worshipped. The Greek gods and goddess were intricately connected to every aspect of the Greek daily life; â€Å"it was both social and practical† (Spielvogel). Public functions served specific purposes, those purposes were to prepare the boys to be warriors and the girls to be mothers. GiacomoShow MoreRelatedAncient Greece : Civilization1925 Words   |  8 PagesBooks are the carriers of civilization. Without books, history is silent, literature dumb, science crippled, thought and speculation at a standstill, once stated American historian and author, Barbara Tuchman (Barbara Tuchman Quote.). Myths have surpass many centuries of discoveries and disasters leaving their own mark. No matter the culture a certain myth comes from it is create d to teach values and morals of the society they arose from. The lessons which each individual myth provides can rangeRead MoreAncient Greece : A True Civilization1507 Words   |  7 PagesEugene High School Classical Greece A True Civilization Joshua Soifer and Remy Dunn Eurasian History Mr. Yamada October 6 2017 As the politician and bishop Stephen Gardiner once claimed, â€Å"The center of Western culture is Greece, and we have never lost our ties with the architectural concepts of that ancient civilization†. In many ways, through their academic pursuits, philosophical ideologies, or advanced trade systems, Ancient Greek culture has proven to be the foundationRead MoreAncient Greece And Roman Civilizations790 Words   |  4 PagesThousands of years ago, the ancient Greek society would practice beliefs and traditions that would lead to the development of advanced civilizations. It started as the Greeks beliefs which would help develop the Roman society, which would later lead to contributing to the development of the Byzantine Empire. The Byzantines would help influence Europe during the Middle Ages, and Europe’s ideas and practices would lead to helping and impacting the modern western civilization with their ideas and beliefsRead MoreAncient Greece : Western Civilization126 0 Words   |  6 Pagesgolden age of Greece began. This is what historians call Classical Greece. (2) Ancient Greece is called â€Å"the birthplace of Western Civilization,† many western ideas on philosophy, government and art are from Greek civilization. The Greeks were fearless warriors, their culture and society were civilized, and they perfected trade. The ancient Greeks lived in many lands around the Mediterranean Sea, from Turkey to the south of France. They had close contacts with other civilizations such as the EgyptiansRead MoreGreek And Roman Civilizations : Greece And Ancient Civilizations1498 Words   |  6 Pages Greek and Roman Civilizations In examining the impact that the ancient world has had on modern Western civilization, the two ancient civilizations which are frequently understood as having had the greatest influence are Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. These two civilizations would eventually come to shape much of what would become the modern European culture, politics and society, and by extension, a vast proportion of global culture and society. In examining the trajectory of modern historyRead MoreGreek And Roman Civilizations : Greece And Ancient Civilizations1503 Words   |  7 Pages Greek and Roman Civilizations In examining the impact that the ancient world has had on modern Western civilization, the two ancient civilizations which are frequently understood as having had the greatest influence are Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. These two civilizations would eventually come to shape much of what would become the modern European culture, politics and society, and by extension, a vast proportion of global culture and society. In scrutinizing the trajectory of modern historyRead MoreAncient Civilizations Of Greece And Rome1436 Words   |  6 Pagesunusual shape. Unlike other member of the Dracaenaceae family the Dracaena cinnabari produces a red resin from the bark after wounding. The medicinal and coloring properties of this resin, along with other dragon trees, was recorded by the ancient civilizations of Greece and Rome. Today, it continues to be used in medicines, dyes, varnish and incense all over the world. Dracaena cinnabari belongs to the Plantae Kingdom. Its Phylum is Tracheophyta, its class is Liliopsida, its Order is Liliales, its FamilyRead MoreAncient Greece : The Greatest Civilization Of The Ancient World Essay1231 Words   |  5 PagesResearch Paper Acropolis Know as one of the greatest civilization of the ancient world, Greek is responsible for many architectural contributions such as the Doric, Ionic and Corinthian orders influencing building around the world in different periods through out history. Architecture played and important role in ancient Greek society. Dominated by religion, ancient Greece erected structures to celebrate their gods and victories in war. In this essay each paragraph will describe a single conceptRead MoreAncient Greece s Influence On Western Civilization2158 Words   |  9 PagesMuch can be said about the Greeks and their contribution to Western Civilization greatly and how they paved the way. The Greeks subsidized Western Civilization greatly, contributing areas of architecture, government, and many more. The Greeks built the Parthenon, a temple dedicated the infamous goddess Athena, who they viewed as there patron. The famous temple has columns and groundwork that characterizes Greek architecture. The ar chitects were concerned with conducting a sense of perfect balanceRead MoreClassical Civilizations of Ancient Greece, Rome, and China Essay897 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout history, there have been many civilizations, empires, colonies, and tribes that have impacted the world. The civilizations of Greece, Rome, and China have done this, but what sets them apart from the others is their lasting significance and lasting impact they had on the world. For this reason, they are considered classical civilizations. To describe how Greece, Rome, and Han China are classical, there are three systems that are used; these are Economic, Social, and Political. Out

The Debate of Human Cloning Essay - 4507 Words

Missing Appendix The Debate of Human Cloning Human cloning has become a hot topic for debate. As we progressed one step closer to successfully cloning and developing a human being, legislators and the general public have become more concerned about the ethical and moral implications of this procedure. The federal government has been unsuccessful in reaching an agreement as to what policy to pass and enact. Thus, any current legislation on human cloning has been developed and enforced by individual states. The state of California is one of the few states in the United States that has a policy on human cloning. Human cloning is banned in the state of California. Because current policy does not allow for any human cloning to take†¦show more content†¦A clone is genetically identical to the person or animal who provided the somatic cell that provided the DNA. Much of the new laws being drafted to prevent human cloning have yet to be enacted or reviewed by Congress. There has been much debate between the Democrats and Republicans on this issue. Problems with ethical concerns over human cloning play a very large role in hindering the adoption of various legislation. Anti-abortion organizations have entered the debate by voicing their opinions about human cloning and research. They claim that by allowing research to take place on human embryos, Congress would be giving approval for the destruction of life(Appendix A.4). Would we, in fact, be devaluing life by creating, experimenting and killing human embryos for the purpose of research?(Appendix A.5) There has also been concern over the rights of a human clone. Issues have been raised about the individuality, autonomy, objectification, and kinship of the resulting children (Appendix A.6). Because the clone would be identical genetically and phenotypically to a person who currently exists or did exist in the past, he or she may be expected to follow in the footsteps of the DNA donor. This would take away any individuality and autonomy that would normally be experienced by an individual conceived sexually. Objectification becomesShow MoreRelatedIs Cloning Be A Debate Of Morals And Human Privileges?1477 Words   |  6 PagesHuman cloning is unethical since it steps back from human identity. In addition, it brings emotional mental damage for the cloned kid and absolutely discards the basic biological gene selection. For the most part, not a single person can manage to ignore the procedure that is made in science today. Whereas scientific research, for instance grants us information and the procedure of being able to clone human beings, which is something nobody ever assumed could be possible. After watching the movieRead MoreHuman Cloning Debate: The Fate of Frankenstein1671 Words   |  7 PagesFrankenstein myth is the idea that humans have the technology and wisdom to create or duplicate life. This idea, cloning, is neither new, nor mysterious it is simply the b iological process of producing replicas of organisms through other means than sexual reproduction. In the United States, consumption of meat and other products derived from cloning was approved in December of 2006, with no special labeling required. However, although there are two types of human cloning typically discussed: therapeuticRead MoreCloning : A Debate Of Morals And Human Rights862 Words   |  4 Pagesadvances that survives today, the dispute of cloning is ever existent as a debate of morals and human rights. People are asking if we have the right to clone humans and other animals. Cloning, the process of taking a cell from one organism, taking a donor womb cell from another organism of the same species, inserting the original cell in the donor cell, and placing the newly developed embryo inside a surrogate mother. This is an inhumane desecration of human rights and an obscene act against the naturalRead MoreThe Debate Over Human Cloning Essay1526 Words   |  7 Pages Human cloning, an unknown wonder to the universe the world has yet to unfold. The idea of cloning can be a dream to some and others not so much, there’s just endless possibilities when it comes to cloning. With the thought of cloning humans comes reality and other things that can cause issues or keep the experiment stagnant. â€Å"Reality† includes the process of cloning humans, types of cloning, products of cloning, cost, and also ethical issues. Besides the issues and reality part of cloning, thisRead MoreThe Debate of Human Cloning Essay1690 Words   |  7 Pagesjourney that human cloning has taken has been one of dramatic highs and lows, heated arguments and confusion about the path ahead. When researchers witnessed the birth of the first cloned mammal, they were ecstatic, but this high ended with the tragic early death of this sheep, Dolly, due to abnormalities (Jaenisch 2004: 2787). The initial success and progress in this field fueled scientists to want to do further research into this technology, which would eventually leading to work with human embryosRead MoreEssay on Debate on the Legality of Human Cloning459 Words   |  2 PagesDebate on the Legality of Human Cloning Today, the topic of cloning creates more argument than it has ever created before. The argument over cloning is based upon the fact that there are extreme opposing viewpoints on the subject. One of the major arguments offered against human cloning is that it will undermine human individuality. However, despite the popular opposition to human cloning, it is likely to remain an issue. Cloning is reproduction involving only oneRead MoreThe Controversial Debate Of Human Cloning4152 Words   |  17 PagesHuman cloning has been a very controversial topic for many years now. The term human cloning includes numerous methods that are used to produce genetically identical copies of humans. The copied material, which has the same genetic makeup as the original, is referred to as a human clone (National Human Genome Research Institute). Lost in the midst of all the fuss about cloning is the fact that cloning is nothing new: it’s rich scientific history spans more than 100 years (Genetic Science LearningRead MoreEthical Issues Related to the Cloning Debate1389 Words   |  6 PagesThe act of cloning a human being comes dangerously close to human beings acting as God. Do human beings have the right to tamper with nature in this way? This essay explores the various ethical issues related to the cloning debate, and seeks answers to this deep philosophical question at the heart of bioethics. As a student of genetic biology and future biologist, this question also has personal relevance. Our science is evolving at a rapid pace. As human cloning becomes increasingly possible, itRead More Embryonic Wars Essay1634 Words   |  7 Pagesto clarify and summarise the controversial debate concerning the ethical decency of embryonic cloning for therapeutic purposes. This is the form of cloning that is supposedly beneficial to a barrage of medical applications. We will identify the key opposing ethical perspectives such as those of the justification of embryonic research based on the normative theory of consequentialism. This paper will also probe into the relatively brief history of the debate while gauging the particular stumbling blocksRead MorePros and Cons of Cloning Humans906 Words   |  4 Pagespossibility of cloning a human. Although the scientists from the Roslin Institute who had made the significant breakthrough with Dolly denied the possib ility of creating human clones, the idea was still wide debated about the risks and benefits of human cloning. So, what is cloning? Cloning is a process of generating a new organism by an identical genetic copy of the original donor. The DNA of the two organisms will be identical (LaurenÈ›iu, 2012).With the development stage of science, human has been already

Is Sociology a Science Free Essays

ABSTRACT In recent years, some persons have expressed sentiments that the study of sociology has no real scientific ground. This paper serves to examine the fundamental assumptions, as well as the possibility of Sociology being a science, but more specifically a social science. It begins by producing some definitions of the key terms, within the context of sociology, to which the student will make reference. We will write a custom essay sample on Is Sociology a Science or any similar topic only for you Order Now The terms include science, social science and sociology. The paper then proceeds to compare sociology to the natural sciences, by establishing and assessing the characteristics which sociology has in common with the natural sciences. INTRODUCTION What predictions can sociologists make about how people behave, and to what extent are these tested through blind studies? Are there any models in sociology, that make it possible to make predictions like the other sciences? Jake Gordon (2002) said in an internet article, â€Å"Sociologists study society as a ‘social science’ however, the status of sociology as a science is easily questionable when compared to how acknowledged scientists study the natural world. Science, as defined by Giddens (2001), is â€Å"the use of systematic methods of investigation, theoretical thinking and the logical assessment of arguments, to develop a body of knowledge about a particular subject matter. † A key element of what constitutes a science is the ability to provide rational, plausible explanations. Sociology observes one of the most subjective factors we can think of, that is, human action and makes predictions, from which persons are able to generate explanation s for human social behaviour. Read also  Sociology and Social Integration. Sociology is outlined as the social science which studies human behaviour and interaction in groups. A social science being any or all of the branches of study that â€Å"involves an examination of human relationships in an attempt to objectively understand the social world† (Unknown). Gordon continues, â€Å"In order to determine whether or not sociology can be accepted as a true science it is useful to make comparisons between the studies performed by both sociologists and natural scientists on their subjects of society and the natural world respectively. At its most fundamental level, the philosophy behind knowledge, reality and being must also be scrutinized as the knowledge which is so eagerly pursued by scientists is only relevant under certain philosophical conditions. † Many of the leaders of sociology are convinced that it is possible to create a science of society based on the same principles and methods as the natural scientists. The attempt to apply natural science philosophies to sociology is called positivism. Positivists, such as Auguste Comte and Karl Popper believe that much of the same techniques and processes used by the natural scientists can be applied to the social sciences, namely sociology. They are of the opinion that social facts and the behaviour of humans, like the behaviour of matter can be objectively observed, expressed as a quantity and measured. These measurements are vital to be able to explain human behaviour. Research has noted that the positivists also believe that based on objective measurements, observations of behaviour will allow statements of effect and cause to be made. Then theories may be formulated to explain the observed behaviour. Therefore, with all this being said it is possible for sociology to be deemed a science. There are four basic features which sociology has in common with the natural sciences and which help to characterize it as a science itself. Sociology can be considered a science because it is empirical, theoretical, cumulative and objective. PRESENTATION OF FINDINGS To begin with, sociology is a science to the extent that it gathers empirical information according to a rational process and develops hypotheses based on that data. According to Wikipedia, â€Å"the word empirical denotes information acquired by means of observation or experimentation. † Empirical data, therefore, is data produced by an observation or experiment. McGraw-Hill said, â€Å"the empirical method is generally characterized by the collection of a large amount of data before much speculation as to their significance, or without much idea of what to expect, and is to be contrasted with more theoretical methods in which the collection of empirical data is guided largely by preliminary theoretical exploration of what to expect. Sociologists attain information for experiments through somewhat of the same means as the ‘regular’ or natural scientists. This is to say that a sociologist would form an idea based on which a hypothesis would then be formulated. A research study would then be done to verify or refute the hypothesis and then a theory and predictions can be made about the particular discourse. Sociology makes use of scientific methods in the study of its subject matter like investigations, interviews, case studies, questionnaires, observations and comparisons, so it is therefore, entitled to be called a science. What is then noted about the subject matter is no longer a speculation, some wild idea or even an opinion. Rather, it is in fact, a theory which has been physically tested and holds scientific grounds, based widely on facts. However, because the subject matter of sociology varies from that of the natural sciences, some persons are of the view that sociology should not be considered a science. However, to say that sociology is not a science is absolutely absurd and very far from the truth because it uses much of the same methodology as the natural sciences to conduct research. An unknown internet source puts it this way, â€Å"universal validity of conclusions and a complete accuracy of prediction are not the criteria of science; what determines the scientific character of a discipline is its methodology, if the methods of a study are scientific, the subject deserves the rank of a science. † Sociology is a science every bit as much as biology or chemistry. Social sciences, like natural and biological sciences, use a vigorous methodology. This means that a social scientist clearly states the problems he or she is interested in and clearly spells out how he or she arrives at their conclusions. Indeed, a scientific study of social phenomena is not free from difficulties. Social studies, by their very nature, cannot perhaps be as exact or natural as physical sciences but that does not make them any less of a science. Additionally, sociology must be considered a science because it is theoretical. When a research is conducted on a particular subject in sociology, it is organized in such a way that someone may be able to analyse this information and therefore formulate a theory which would then allow for the prediction of some future human behaviour. According to Haralambos, Holborn and Heald (2004), â€Å"a theory is a set of ideas that provides an explanation of something†, thus the greater the accuracy of the theory, the greater the overall accuracy of the prediction as well. As stated by Schaefer and Lamm (1998), â€Å"an effective theory may have both explanatory and predictive power. † According to Cuvler, â€Å"the predictive value of sociology is being improved. There is a good deal of approximate information on family relationships and the personality of children. As sociology matures and comes to understand more fully the principles underlying human behaviour it will be in a better position to make accurate prediction. † Like the natural sciences, sociology contains many different theoretical approaches to much of the same idea, and as mentioned, the data which these theories are based upon is gained through observation and experiments and not blind speculation. The theories which sociologists create, present the relationship between all the observations that have been recorded for a particular study. For instance, the Symbolic Interaction Theory (established by George H Mead in the 1920s) which is based on the premise that human nature and social order are the results of social interaction among people. Furthermore, like the natural sciences, sociology is cumulative. Sociologists usually build upon theories which have been formulated by his/her predecessors. Hence new theories are simply modifications or developments of older ones as they all have their basis in some previously established theory. For example, the Symbolic Interaction Theory though introduced by George Mead, had its origins in the works of Max Weber. According to Nasser Mustapha (2009), sociology’s â€Å"cumulative nature implies that new knowledge continuously builds upon what is already known. † Reference can also be made to another sociologist- Durkheim- who it is said expounded on the idea of society being an organism- a theory first developed by Herbert Spencer. Both the evolution of theories and collection of data is cumulative in sociology. Theories change and become more complex over time as they are reviewed and ideas confirmed or rejected. Moreover, sociology is also considered to be a science because it is objective or value-free. The dictionary defines ‘objective’ as not influenced by personal feelings, interpretations, or prejudice, based on facts or unbiased. And as such, sociologists do not allow personal views or ideologies to influence their research. According to Mustapha (2009), â€Å"the fatcs obtained by research must be accurately reported and not distorted to agree with the researcher’s feelings and emotions. Denise Richards, Vashti Deochan and Bennie Berkley (2005) put it this way. â€Å"In studying society, there will be several issues which a sociologist may not support, for example, single parenting, where women decide to have children out of wedlock and support the children themselves. Even though the sociologist may not approve of this type of family formation, he/ she cannot allow personal bias and opinions to creep in and influence his/ her work. † This is so because one basic requirement of cience is that the subject matter be unbiased. Some persons believe that humans studying their behaviour in groups makes it impossible for absolute objectivity. But that does not mean a scientifically acceptable level of objectivity cannot be attained. Psychology has made great strides in understanding the individual in both constructive and destructive ways and there is no reason sociology cannot do the same thing for society. As humans we are quite capable of understanding ourselves as we are of understanding the world around us. Hence sociology does not reflect what we as humans believe to be true but in fact what is true and has proven itself to be factual. CONCLUSION In conclusion, sociology is a science and saying it is not betrays a misunderstanding of what science is. Any field of study dedicated to finding answers about how the world works is a science by definition. Science is not about knowing everything, it is about knowing more than we do now. Sociology may be a science in the early stages of development, or even a science which does not have all the answers but, nonetheless it is a science. It has been deemed, like the natural sciences, to be empirical, theoretical, cumulative and objective. According to Cuvier, J. F. , â€Å"The science is the method of discovery of the uniformities in the universe, through the process of observation and re-observation, the result of which eventually comes to be stated in principle and arranged and organized into the fields of knowledge. † And this is exactly what sociology entails. Thus, it is just as much of a science as any of the natural or other social sciences. BIBLIOGRAPHY * Ajay Bhatt, â€Å"Do you consider sociology as a science, if yes then why? † from http://www. preservearticles. com/201101173444/is-sociology-a-science. html (2011) * Giddens, A. (2001). Sociology. 4th edn. Reprint with the assistance of Karen Birdsall. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press. * Jake Gordon, â€Å"Can sociologists study society in the same way that scientists study the natural world? † from http://jakeg. co. uk/essays/science (2002) * Haralambos, M. Holborn, M. 2008). Sociology Themes and Perspectives, 7th edn. London: Harper Collins. * Russ Long, â€Å"Sociology as a Science† from http://dmc122011. delmar. edu/socsci/rlong/intro/science. htm (2012) * Mustapha, N. (2009). Sociology for Caribbean Students: Sociology as a Discipline, 20-22. Jamaica: Ian Randle Publishers. * Richards, D. Deochan, V. Berkley B. (2005). Introduction to Sociology: Sociology as a Science, 41-46. Barbados: The University of the West Indies. How to cite Is Sociology a Science, Papers

Jane Eyre a Quest for Maturity free essay sample

In the novel Jane Eyre written by Charlotte Bronte, Jane gradually matures until she is an independent woman. To achieve this state of autonomy, she must first make some life-changing decisions which mark major turning points in the story. Her first step to establishing herself as a self-sufficient woman occurs when she decides to leave Lowood, as she states, â€Å"I desired liberty; for liberty I gasped; for liberty I uttered a prayer†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (page 72). Jane indicates in this plea that she undoubtedly desires freedom, since she had been living at the Lowood School for eight years. She therefore decides to find a job, which would liberate her from the school, satisfying her yearning for freedom. Jane’s actions of applying for a job by herself illustrate a significant amount of maturity, as she performs the task on her own, not needing any assistance, or even receiving a suggestion to do so. She additionally shows a brilliant amount of awareness of her financial and social situations, knowing that in order to fulfill her pursuit for freedom she must also have financial support through a job. We will write a custom essay sample on Jane Eyre: a Quest for Maturity or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Jane will soon after experience a great number of events after becoming a governess, eventually leaving Thornfield, the mansion in which she found her job. Soon after starting a new one, St. John, a local minister who had allowed her to live in his home for a while, visits Jane to tell her of the death of her uncle John Eyre. He explains about the vast fortune that she has inherited from him, along with her kinship with him and his sisters. Jane is appalled, yet without even much recollection, is determined to divide her inheritance with her cousins. In doing so, she undeniably establishes a large amount of maturity and selflessness in herself, showing how she is able to use her kindness even in situations with a magnitude of importance such as this. If she had not shared the money, it is possible that Jane could be considered to be taking a step back in her maturing process, as doing so would be selfish and heartless. In addition, Jane’s whole approach to her life changes a good deal, as she now knows that she has relations who will not reject her, but rather offer support. However, her love for Mr. Rochester will soon compel her to leave them. She travels back to Thornfield Hall, where she discovers that the old mansion had been burnt down by his insane wife. Jane learns of his gallant actions of saving others from the fire, which led to a crippled hand and blindness. She visits him at Ferndean Manor, and her love for Mr. Rochester is evoked right away. She learns that he has finally realized himself because of all the physical and mental pain he experienced. He explains to Jane, â€Å"I began to see and acknowledge the hand of God in my doom. I began to experience remorse, repentance; the wish for reconcilement to my Maker. (page 380) Jane’s decision to return to Mr. Rochester thus becomes very significant in her life, since his evident rebirth signifies that her pursuit of love is finally over, and she is his equal. By recognizing herself as his counterpart, Jane knows that she has become fully matured, and that she may remain independent, as Mr. Rochester could easily be considered inferior to her due to his phy sical state. Therefore, Jane fulfills her quest for maturity through making wise decisions throughout the novel, starting with just finding a job, to sharing a fortune, and finally by returning to Mr. Rochester.

Fast food consumption in Malaysia Essay Example

Fast food consumption in Malaysia Essay In recent years, the major food consumption trend in developing countries is that more consumers are eating increasingly more meals outside of their homes and most of the growth in away-from-home eating has been in the fast food sector. The interest shown at the national and international levels concerning the fast food is derived from the scarcity of time in a competitive and dynamic. According to Atkins and Bowler (2001), emphasis is increasingly being placed on quick meal solutions due to the busier consumer lifestyle and dual-working families with children. Consumers lead increasingly busy lives, meaning that the time available to cook meals is being squeezed between work and leisure commitments. Cooking for many has ceased to be a leisure activity and instead is a chore. Consequently, this has placed more emphasis on fast food items. Fast-food is a rapidly growing industry in the world as well as in Malaysia, especially in the urban areas. Moreover, the food diversity in Malaysia is an implicit characteristic of the diversified culture of the country amongst the different regions within the states. Traditionally, Malaysians like to have home-cooked meals. However, going along with the times and due to the increasing awareness and influence of the western culture, there is a great shift in food consumption patterns among urban Malaysian families. Hence, studying this issue in the Malaysian context will provide deeper insights to the fast food industries, and consumer and government policy makers. The fast-food industry is perceived to be an American creation, but the â€Å"fish-n-chips† format has prevailed in the UK since the eighteenth century as an outlet where the working class could easily purchase inexpensive prepared food. In Malaysia, the American franchises have been dominating the fast-food and restaurant industry. It includes Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC), McDonalds, A W, Burger King, Subway, Starbucks, Dunkin Donuts, Pizza Hut, Domino Pizza, Kenny Rogers Roasters, Haagen Dazs, Swensons, Famous Amos, Auntie Anne’s and the Outback Steak House. Among the 6000 (approximately) franchise outlets in Malaysia, foods and beverages dominate the franchising sector (fast-food retail was about 32%), whereas, the local fast-food or Quick Service Restaurant (QSR) market was valued at $493 million (RM 1.8 billion). We will write a custom essay sample on Fast food consumption in Malaysia specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Fast food consumption in Malaysia specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Fast food consumption in Malaysia specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer At present, the largest foreign franchise operator in Malaysia is KFC. It has entered the Malaysian market in 1973, and since then KFC dominates the market with 447 outlets and 46% market share in the fast-food or QSR market. Essentially, KFC and Pizza Hut in Malaysia are owned by the same group of companies, QSR Brands Bhd which in total, controls 60% of the QSR in Malaysia. The top performers in fast-food retailing stores are KFC (46%), followed by McDonaldà ¢s (25%), and Pizza Hut (14%) (Malaysian Franchise Association, 2006). Though Malaysia is a multi racial and multi religious country, a large number of population in Malaysia are Muslims. Therefore, chicken is very popular here as it is free from religious restrictions. Since there is no significant presence of other foreign fast-food franchises in Malaysia, the American franchises are mainly competing among themselves and with several successful local fast-food retailers. The most successful local fast-food brand is â€Å"Ayamas† (Fast Food Consumption Trend in Malaysia, 2008). Problem Statement  There has been a sustained increase in the demand for convenience foods and snacks over a number of years (Traill, 1994; Keynote, 2003). The global expansion of fast food markets prepared the way for a rise in the number and power of multi-national fast-food corporations (Schlosser, 2001). Initially, due to the cultural mismatch the multinational fast-food outlets faced the challenges of getting acceptance by the Malaysian consumers. Today, the fast-food industry is being adapted to Malaysian food requirements and is a growing phenomenon in Malaysia. However, as per the author’s knowledge, little researches have been done in this field, especially in developing countries like Malaysia. Moreover, factors affecting consumer’s choice to purchase fast food can vary in a great way in Asian countries than West. Taken this opportunity into account, the current study has tried to fill this gap by exploring this issue using the country specific measures. As fast-food consumption has gained the acceptance primarily in Malaysian consumers, Malaysian consumers have been considered as the subject of the study. The problem statement for this study is therefore to understand the factors that influence fast food consumption in Malaysia. Research Objective  The objectives of this study were Research Objectives:  1. To examine the awareness of Malaysians about fast food.  .2.To analyze the consumption pattern of consumer with regard to fast food.  3. To investigate the motives of Malaysia consumer with regard to select fast food.  4. To analyze the factors that influence fast food consumption in Malaysia.  Research Questions  Are Malaysian people aware of fast food?  Fast food, it’s another word for an unhealthy meal. It’s convenient, quick and cheap and no preparation is needed. It’s the reason why many adults and children settle for this option of eating, but it’s also the reason why many of us are so unhealthy. There’s nothing good about eating fast food other than the taste. It’s high in sugar and salt and lacks in nutrition, it’s definitely not a meal that should be eaten every day. Not everything inside these fast foods is real; they contain high amounts of preservatives and artificial substances and at times even industrial chemicals.  Fast food chains such as McDonalds and Hungry Jack’s are the main cause of obesity in children and in adults. Obesity can lead to high blood pressure, diabetes, joint problems and heart disease. Also obesity is hereditary and may be passed on to affect younger ones, even if they eat a healthy diet. With obesity on the up rise, many teenagers are being either prevented or distracted from doing things helpful towards them. Not only does fast food degrade these children physically, but also mentally. These obese children may be targeted at school and be picked on because of their appearance, which may lead to low self esteem and depression.  After considering the above points, it clearly shows that fast food consumption has a negative impact on society. It interferes with our lives and at the same time is a hazard to our health. This affects us and our future generation.  The study has focused on the relations between attribute perceptions, overall customer satisfaction and store sales performance. To capture the relationship between attribute perceptions and overall customer satisfaction, we have identified how customers interpret and respond to the products and services they buy and experience. Here it is essential to distinguish between specific attributes of a product or a service and the satisfaction factor they represent. In food retailing, for instance, consumers may put high value on a factor that might be called customer service provided by the supermarket. This is an example of an abstract or subjective benefit. This abstract benefit depends on a set of related measurable at- tributes such as the disposition of the cashiers and sales associates, speed and accuracy of checkout, and availability of everyday grocery items and store cleanliness, among others. In addition to customer service, other relevant factors affecting overall customer satisfaction in grocery stores include the store ambiance, the perceived product quality of (growing) perishables departmentsnow 50 percent or more of store sales in some storessuch as fresh pro- duce, daily/bakery, seafood, fresh meat and floral, as well as the perceived value of products relative to their price. The fast food restaurants are now in the growing pace as it is convenience and suits the lifestyle of Malaysians citizens who are now having a more hectic and busy lifestyle. Fast food outlets in Malaysia provide a wide range of products and also delivery services that suits the preferences of various consumers. Fast food restaurants in Malaysia heavily promote themselves through media such as television, internet, newspaper and also brochures and pamphlets. Moreover, with the Malaysian population becoming more urban and affluent, along with media influence and foreign exposure which has resulted in growing taste for western food, fast food outlets in Malaysia such as Pizza Hut has a great future prospective. The purposed of this report is to analyze buyer behavior of consumer in fast food industry. Marketers need to recognize that internal and external aspect of buyer behavior will influence consumers buying decision making in fast food industry. Thus, marketers can use various component of buyer behavior to segment their target market in order to cater their needs and preferences with different marketing mix strategy. Furthermore, Market segmentation is also being outlined in this report. For fast food industry, segment such as demography, psychographics, socio cultural and benefit segmentation will be targeted. Moreover, in order to success in the market, Pizza Hut should understand and provide greater consumer satisfaction than its competitors. In this case, the main competitor of Pizza Hut in Malaysia is McDonald’s. Finally, future recommendation on the improvement of the marketing activities of Pizza is also provided Benefit segmentation requires finding the major benefits people look for in the product class, the kinds of people who look for each benefit and the brands that deliver each benefit (Schiffman et al., 2005). With fast food restaurant, family can decide on impulse to go out and eat, and each family can select their own food. Thus, the food preparer does not have to plan meals for the whole family (Darian and Cohen, 1995). Fast food restaurant are superior in providing this benefit especially to the very time-poor consumers that searching for this kind of benefit in selecting their food choices.  In order to understand consumers’ different perceptions and preferences of fast food outlets, it is important to understand their buyer behaviors. Understanding buyer behaviors and how they differ among consumers is very important for fast food industry to develop their marketing strategies (Kara, Kaynak and Kucukemiroglu, 1997). Here, some aspects of buyers’ behavior which are vital in developing marketing strategy or making marketing decisions for fast food outlet will outline perception as being defined as the process by which an individual receives, select, and interprets stimuli to form a meaningful and coherent picture of the world.  Consumer perceptions are vital to marketers and often underlie the success and failure of products in the marketplace (Hanna Wozniak, 2001). Fast food meals such as Pizza Hut, McDonalds and KFC tend to be perceived by customers as convenient but unhealthy. As the response to this, a number of fast food companies have reviewed the fat and sugar contents of their product ranges and reconsidered the size of portions they offer. New  ³healthy options (e.g. salad) can now be purchase from fast food such outlets such as Pizza Hut and KFC. Attitude is being defined as the way consumers think and feel about and act towards some aspect of the product, company, services or brands (Neal, Quester and Hawkins, 1999). Usually, attitudes are constant with behaviors, in this case; the consumer’s purchase behavior toward specific incentive (Schiffman et al., 2005). Different people have different attitude towards the offering in fast food restaurants. One group of people tends to think that time is an important component in selecting the place for dinner while another group only care on the quality of the food provided. Moreover consumers are also having a negative attitude towards . fast food restaurants as it is perceived to be unhealthy. Hence, it is the marketer job to induce people with these attitudes towards its product and service using advertising campaign and special offers. As illustration, the marketers in fast food outlets such as Pizza Hut has long induce the attitude change towards fast food by providing healthier menu such as salad and also emphasize on the time guarantee.

Ricardo essays

Ricardo essays DAVID RICARDO David Ricardo was born in 1772 and was the third son (out of seventeen). David Ricardo`s family was descended from Iberian Jews who had fled to Holland during a wave of persecutions in the early 18th century. His father, a stockbroker, emigrated to England shortly before Ricardo`s birth. Ricardo attended school in Holland, but left at the age of 14 to work for his father full time in the London Stock Exchange. At 21, Ricardo was disinherited from his family when he married a Quaker which was outside his orthodox Jewish faith. With his considerable reputation in London, Ricardo managed to set up his own business as a dealer in government securities. When Ricardo was in his late 20`s interest in economics as sparked by a chance reading of Adam Smith`s Wealth of Nations. In 1809 after persistent of his friend James Mill he decided to write some of his ideas down. His first article was concerning the bullion controversy, he wrote that England`s inflation was the result of the Bank of England`s propensity to issue bank notes. Ricardo`s major work was The Principles of Political Economy and Taxation (1817). This book presented most of his important theories, especially those concerned with the determination of wage and value. For the problem of wages he proposed the iron law of wages, according to which wages tend to stabilize around the subsistence level. According to his labour theory of value, Ricardo stated that the value of almost any good was, essentially, a function of the labour needed to produce it. Ricardo was also concerned with the subject of international trade, and for that he developed the theory of comparative advantage. Which states that each nation should specialize completely in the production of the good in which it has a comparative cost advantage in producing ...

English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

English - Essay Example Dave Eggers’ non-fiction Zeitoun and Mark Sundeen’s The Man Who Quit Money narrate two modern heroes and their tribulations. Zeitoun and Suelo fit Campbell’s thesis about the role of the hero-figure in mythologies as they left their original societies to answer calls to adventures, and to later engage with a road of trials, and the refusal to return, but they are also different from mythical heroes because they never returned to their original societies, but remained free and happy in their new lives, where their communities are better off because of their contributions to it. The first phase of Campbell’s thesis consists of the departure from the original communities, which Zeitoun and Suelo did. Zeitoun departed from Syria to find his luck in America. They lived a life of poverty in Syria, although their large family eventually became successful through the accomplishments of individual family and clan members. Zeitoun is proud that he has a family of do ctors, generals, teachers, and many other professions (Eggers 12). The sea bonded all of them together as a family too. Suelo also left his community, but not in the real sense. What he leaves behind is the capitalist system that disgusted him because of its production of poverty and social inequality. This means that Suelo’s departure is more moral and spiritual than physical in nature when compared to Zeitoun’s departure. Zeitoun physically left Syria, while Suelo is still in America. These modern heroes responded to the call of adventure, though they refused the call for some time. Zeitoun did not immediately go to the U.S., while Suelo studied college and managed to live in a capitalist world for some time. Campbell talks about supernatural aid, which did not happen for Zeitoun and Suelo. Instead, environmental changes and personal motives inspired them to leave. When they crossed the first threshold, they proverbially passed the belly of the whale. For Zeitoun, th e belly of the whale is his first few months in America, in a land where he knows little English and only has his character and faith to help him survive. Suelo transitioned from capitalism to non-capitalism, when he quitted money (Sundeen 1). By leaving his remaining $30 in a phone booth, he has begun his journey. Hence, using Campbell’s first phase, it seems that the journey of these modern heroes followed the first part of the first stage and the rest are more proverbial than physically experienced. Campbell’s second phase consisted of the initiation and the trials, which Zeitoun and Suelo experienced. When they first entered the belly of the whale, these heroes realized that they can do it. They can survive in their new worlds, however difficult it may be. Nonetheless, like mythological heroes, they had their share of trials. Zeitoun had to establish his business and met some obstacles because of his rainbow logo. The logo attracted homosexual customers, while upse tting conservative ones. He and Kathy decided to keep the rainbow because in Islam, rainbows mean hope and faith (Eggers 12). Their greatest hurdle is Hurricane Katrina. It destroyed their business and properties. Kathy and her kids already evacuated but Zeitoun insisted on being left behind. During this time, he used his canoe and helped neighbors and animals trapped in their houses. He could have been easily killed by the disaster, but his resolve to help others allowed him continue

For this assignment you are required to write a feature piece about Essay

For this assignment you are required to write a feature piece about one of the statements provided below - Essay Example Although the Games, once brought forward from their dusty past in antiquity, were initially held in mostly Western European nations, the Olympic Museum (2007) reports that they â€Å"have now been held on every continent except Africa.† However, Africa, as a continent, could use the attention, and the money, more than any other continent today. The Western World tends to think of Africa in terms of the images we see on TV. These images are full of small children with distended tummies as they sit on the dirt floors of their tiny huts trying to ignore the flies that gather around their starving and barely-clad bodies. As was pointed out by Enwezor (2005), a scholar on the subject of photojournalism, â€Å"The global media almost never depict contemporary Africans in ordinary situations; images of crisis frequently eclipse other representations.† Contrary to this impression, though, there are numerous Africans who live lives very similar to the experiences to be found in the West, complete with brick houses, running water and full-time electricity. However, the limited space available for international news combined with the desperate conditions of Africa’s poor have convinced many in the mainstream media that this poverty is where the attention should be focused. In the past, African countries have been rejected in their Olympic bids citing lack of appropriate facilities for hosting. However, some feel this is more rhetoric than reality. There are a number of more developed African cities preparing to make a bid for future Olympic Games. These include cities in Egypt and Kenya as well as the South African cities of Johannesburg, Cape Town and Durban. South Africa also has some precedent set regarding their ability to host larger events. Since 1994 (and the fall of Apartheid), the nation has hosted the Rugby World Cup, the African Cup of

The Puritan And Deist Doctrines

The Puritan And Deist Doctrines Many Americans and historians abroad consider The United States founding and independence to be closely associated with religious reasons and purposes. This is true of course, but Protestant and Puritan ideologies were not the only things affecting the newborn countrys independence in 1776. While most of its Founding Fathers were of the Puritan faith and background, some of its key revolutionaries were in fact of a different, often overlooked, religion: Deism. These faiths did not often disagree while on the subject of founding a country, but they certainly did when the notions of God and human nature were concerned. One avid Deist, Benjamin Franklin, repented from Puritanism to Deism and wrote several pieces on his religion. Puritans such as John Winthrop and Michael Wigglesworth also wrote of their faith and how it affected their daily lives and thinking. Puritans and Deists had very different views on the nature of God, human nature and its origins, and the relationship between th e two. One major difference between the Puritan and Deist doctrines was that of the Character (or nature) of God. For the Deists, they believed that God was all-wise, all-good, all powerful (Franklin, 26). One major reason Deists believed and developed this fundamental doctrine was the use of critical thinking or reason. Benjamin Franklin, the major Deist this paper will discuss, had a clear logical thinking path from which he rarely deviated. This logical thinking led him while a teenager to renounce Puritan beliefs. As a boy who sought knowledge in books, he found some who led him to believe in a different God, one who was a Universal God, and not just a Christian God. He wrote A Dissertation on Liberty and Necessity, Pleasure and Pain, in which he laid out a step-by-step logical argument of why God was good and why evil did not exist: I. There is said to be a First Mover, who is called GOD, Maker of the Universe. II. He is said to be all-wise, all-good, all powerful. III. If He is all-go od, whatsoever He doth must be goodà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. [V.] what He [God] consents to must be good, because He is good; therefore Evil doth not exist (Franklin, 26). Franklin goes on to say that everything God does can only be, and will only be good and that evil, which does not exist, cannot be permitted by God if it did exist: But this [God permitting evil for a wise end] Objection destroys itself; for whatever an infinitely good God hath wise Ends in suffering to be, must be good, is thereby made good, and cannot be otherwise (Franklin, 26-27). Franklin would later on slightly recant this idea, saying that his doctrine of no evil was not very useful (Franklin, 29). Franklins God was universal, the epitome and definition of good, and could not create or tolerate any kind of evil. While Franklin was convinced that the nature of his God was nothing but good, the Puritans believed something quite the contrary. The Puritan beliefs of God can be seen in writings and historical accounts: they wrote and viewed the nature of God as vengeful and wrathful- a Harbinger of justice and punishment. Michael Wigglesworth, who authored the then famous poem, The Day of Doom, wrote that the Son of God came to judge both Quick and Dead (Wigglesworth, 3) on the Day of Judgment. In his poem, Wigglesworth implies that only a few will escape (by grace) the wrath and be united with God, the rest being doomed to eternal judgment and torment in Hell. (This idea of predestination will be discussed in detail later.) John Dane, another Puritan, symbolically attributed Gods wrath to two separate occasions with a bee sting, which symbolized Danes sin and Christ on the cross. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦it struck my finger, and water and blood [symbolizing the crucifixion of Christ] came out of ità ¢Ã¢â €š ¬Ã‚ ¦God would find me out (Dane, 9). However, the Puritans did not believe God was completely bad, since they wrote of his loving care and providence in times of need and spiritual weakness. In her memoirs, Mary Rowlandson recognized Gods blessings through her captivity. She considers the attack and captivity to be Gods punishment, but also sees his protection and help through her survival: the wonderful goodness of God to me, in preserving me soà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ that [I] did not use wicked and violent means to end my own miserable life (Rowlandson, 16). The Puritans view of the nature of God is almost like that of a bipolar father, providing for his children when they most need it, but having indignation for any small error. Similar to his view on God, Franklins view on human nature was that all humans were the incarnation of God created by God. According to Franklins doctrinal logic, since God is good, all of His creations must be basically good; basically we do not have a sin nature (or inheritance) at birth. If a Creature is made by God, it must depend upon God, and receive all its Power from Himà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦because He is Good; therefore a Creature can do nothing but what is good (Franklin, 27). Franklin goes on to refute the idea of concentrating on an afterlife. He argues that because our bodies will experience Pleasure and Pain (complete opposites) in equal amounts in this life, there is no point to having an afterlife, or being able to recall a previous life. But since Pain naturally and infallibly produces a Pleasure in proportion to it, every individual Creature must, in any State of Life, have an equal Quantity of each, so that there is not, on that Account, any Occasion for a future Adjustme nt [afterlife] (Franklin, 28). (This belief is direct contrast with the Puritan thinking that this life is a time of punishment that will soon end with constant pleasure in union with God, if we should be so fortunate to receive Gods grace.) Deists and Puritans had very different views on human nature. For the Puritans, human nature was wretched and unredeemable through good works. For Franklin, humans are good and capable of improvement. He said that life is worthless without improvement. This improvement, or practice of virtues, was an integral part of Franklins daily routine. He concentrated on the practice and retrospect of virtues not only to try to achieve moral perfection, but also to better himself financially: I from thence considered industry [a Franklin virtue] as a means of obtaining wealth and distinction (Franklin, 32). But for the Puritans, human nature was a sin nature, inherited from Adam, and passed down unbroken from generation to generation we had no chance of starting with a clean slate, it was already tainted. The Massachusetts Governor John Winthrop made this very clear to his audience in 1645: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦our nature is now corrupt (because all people are sinners)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦[our nature] is common to man with beasts and other creatures (Winthrop, 1). The puritans believed strongly, as Wigglesworth explain in The Day of Doom, that all humans were deserving of Hell. They thought of Hell not as their punishment from God, but as their punishment for sin nature, and they thought Gods grace to save some as an unnecessary mercy. Opposite of this belief, Franklin believed that humans were able to achieve a better moral standard. Eventually Franklin even resorted to daily prayer, although Catholic in nature. He thought it right and necessary to solicit his assistance for obtaining it [wisdom]; to this end I formed the following little prayer (Franklin, 34). Contradictory to the Deist view of human nature, the Puritans thought life could not get better, and the doctrine of predestination did not help their morale either. They strongly believed in predestination, the belief that God already knew and commanded that some souls would perish (even the infantile or mentally incapacitated) and some souls would be saved humans had no choice in the matter. There was no hope; God commanded sin and damnation. Salvation was not merit-based, but your bad works would damn you (Wigglesworth, 4). John Dane thought of his nature as being so bad that to end his life [he did not, fortunately] would be better than to continue living in sin: I ought of two evils to choose the least; and that it was a greater evil to live and to sin against God than to kill myself (Dane, 11). Franklin, however, invented many things throughout his life solely for the betterment of mankind, just as he thought a persons life could be improved. He reflected on his attempt at i ndividual perfection: I wasà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦a better and a happier man than I otherwise should have been if I had not attempted it (Franklin, 34). For Franklin, the human nature could use a tune up, but was not flawed from conception and things could only get better. The Puritans saw only a lose-lose situation, for all of their efforts of attaining merit were forfeit: living was sinning; and sin is our nature. The Puritans and Deists also had very different views on the relationship between God and human nature. For the Puritans, it was a cycle of wrath and punishment. God was wrathful because the creation he made, mankind, became tainted and sinful through inherited sinful nature. Thomas Shepard, an English minister, said that the human heart (nature) was full of atheism, sodomy, blasphemy, murder, whoredom, adultery, witchcraft, buggeryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Your best duties are tainted, poisoned, mingled with some sin, and therefore are most odious in the eyes of a holy God (Wigglesworth, 4). Since the Puritans believed in this type of sin nature, of course it made sense that their holy God would want to punish and rid them of such bad behavior God was wrathful because of their sin. Deists also believed in a cyclic sort of relationship between God and human nature, but their cycle ran the opposite route. They believed human nature was basically good because a good God created it. It was like a skilled watchmaker letting his work shine without his constant watchful eye and tiny tools; he (the watchmaker) was good, therefore his good work did not need constant assistance it could be released as a well-oiled machine. After viewing the evidence and doctrines of Deist and Puritan views, it is very perplexing to think that such differences could lead to a declaration of independence and constitution, both with a religious backdrop. The Puritans believed in a wrathful God who punished people for their flawed human nature that He created and encouraged (sin caused by God). On the contrary, the Deists believed in an all-good God who let his good creations with a good human nature be out from under His constant control. But we know that even through these differences the men on both sides remained mostly civil and friendly to each other. For instance, Benjamin Franklin was a good friend of George Whitfield. He gave to his ministries on several occasions and vouched for his character even though they had no religious connection (Franklin, 40). However civil they might have been to one another, we still can clearly see that Puritans and Deists had very different views on the nature of God, human nature, a nd their relationship.

Civil Rights

How far Is It accurate to describe black Americans as second class citizens the years 1945-55? Plan: The BAD part: After WWW, even though black soldiers were recognized by European countries as â€Å"Black Heroes†, segregation in the Armed Forces still existed. Jim Crow Laws were very strict, it promoted segregation in Southern states between 1876 and 1965, and this was a very long period of time with very, very little De facto change.Black people were segregated in restaurants, public transport and even toilet facilities. â€Å"Separate but equal† Black people had to live in areas known as ghettos. White Supremacy: racist belief that white people are far superior to other races. Voting Rights: under the 15th Amendment black people had the legal right to vote In America. However, especially in Southern states, the government found loop holes In the 1 5th Amendment to create laws that would disenfranchise the local black population.Some states Introduced laws such as the Grandfather Claw (black people could only vote if their grandfathers had the right to vote), Literacy Tests, which were made harder on purpose (white people were not obligated to do this test) and the introduction to the Poll Tax (black people had to pay a high amount of money for them to be able to vote). Economical situation: in the Southern states there were still black Americans who received poorly paid salaries.Even in the North, black industrial workers were unlikely to be paid the same as their white colleagues (50% less on average). This happened especially because black people had no education or whatsoever. In 1945, only 1% of the black population went to school. Social Conditions: with the end of the WWW, segregation still remained in Southern States†¦ Black people were still barred from restaurants, cinemas and hotels. 40% of housing available for black people In the Washington D. C. As found to be sub- standard, whereas only 12% of white housing fell into this cat egory The fact that African Americans were poorer than white Americans meant that they were often forced to live in worse accommodation and in the undesirable parts of the city. How did Truman help? In 1947, President Truman set the committee ‘To Secure These Rights which stated every single way in which black Americans were being discriminated against. Even Hough this document had many recommendations about how to change their situation, many of these recommendations did not go through because of the congress.Truman was committed to advancing civil rights. He used his powers to desegregate the armed forces. To Secure These Rights was a turning point In race relations as It showed that the Federal Government had recognized Its responsibility to address racism in America. Executive Order 9980 in 1948: Fair Employment Board opportunities in government organizations. Executive Order 10308: withheld deference contracts from firms that practiced discrimination.Government Contract C ompliance (CGI) 1951 : it monitored the awarding of government contracts to make sure that government contracts did not go to racist employers. Truman appointed a number of black Americans to high profile Jobs in the government. E. G. Ralph Bunch Ambassador to the USA. Executive Order 9981 in 1948: racial equality in the armed forces and ended segregation in the army. The Fair Deal Programmer: committed the government to building a number of new homes, especially in inner-city ghettos. He desegregated the canteen at Washington Airport in 1949. How did Truman NOT help? Executive Order 998()-The Fair Employment Deal: was underfeed, therefore did not have enough money to function properly. 2. Executive Order 9981 : only benefited people who worked in the armed forces, therefore many people were still being segregated and suffering from racism in Jobs. 3. Truman desegregated the canteen at Washington Airport, but it can be argued that Truman only did this on favor of his own image as no t many African Americans would actually travel by plane. 4. Truman failed to pass many of the recommendations in To Secure These Rights Committee.For example Anti-Lynching laws were not approved by the Congress; he did not address any of his executive orders to health and education, which would have a bigger impact on the civil rights movement. 5. Some of his changes failed to achieve great change, for example the Fair Deal Housing Programmer demolished more houses than it actually built. 6. Towards the end, he got distracted by the Korean War and did not give the attention that civil rights deserved. 7. Government Contract Compliance could not force companies to adopt fair employment practices.

Public Perception of Police Essay

Being a police officer is one of the hardest jobs around. They are trained and hired to â€Å"protect and serve† their communities and they are constantly in the public eye. Everything that they do is criticized by the people who are watching them. Like in every other profession, there are some who should really not be doing that job, and those people give a bad name to the really good and dedicated officers that work so hard to take care of people. One of the problems that cause the public to have a lower level of good will toward police is the rising crime rate. People believe that if there are more crimes being committed, the police are not doing a proper job of stopping it. This tends to make people doubt the abilities that police have. (Koenig)Some of the negative feedback in regards to policing comes from allegations of alleged cover-ups mostly applied to racial accusations, ethnicity and to some degree, economic class. (Connolly, 2001) These issues are on a daily basis and over all that gives the public a negative view of the police force in general. The media has a big part in the negative viewpoint people have of the police. They tend to focus on the bad things that happen and although police are just human beings and do make mistakes, which is the only thing the media gives attention to so they get their viewers and readers to develop a negative attitude towards law enforcement. (Connolly, 2001) Another issue that is b ig in the news regarding law enforcement is that police are violent. There have been occasions when police have used violence and in some cases it was unjustified. But those incidents are isolated and do not happen as frequently as the media tends to make people believe. Police will only use force when they are in danger and even then, they give the criminal every possible chance to surrender before force is used. If the media focused more on the positive things that law enforcement does for the public, more people would likely have a more positive viewpoint towards them. (Connolly, 2001)The public seems to be split on the viewpoint of law enforcement. Some are in agreement with a certain amount of force being used while the other half tends to believe that it is dangerous for the police to use any kind of force especially when it is related to racial, ethical or socio-economical issues. (Connolly, 2001) It is believed that media bias started back when there were issues regarding the Vietnam War and Civil Rights struggles. Police are doing the  best job they are able to do and it would definitely make their jobs easier if they had more support and backing from the people they are trying to protect. (Connolly, 2001)There are many times that the police have to get control of a person or of people and this can prove to be very difficult physically and also very dangerous to the police and to the person or people they are trying to control. Nobody wants to admit that that is the truth but unfortunately it is. Some people may believe that because of what they see on television either in a movie or from the news, if they do something to irritate any cop, they will be beaten for it and then made out to look like they are the ones who brought it on, whether they deserve it or not. And in most cases, no one deserves to be beaten. (Connolly, 2001)According to Stamper (2009), police do not pick bad officers, those bad officers are made. Even the most dedicated police officer who gets out of the police academy a nd is all fired up to get out and help people, can see his or her most respected superior beating on someone who really is not deserving of it and eventually turn around and do the same thing. That is not legal of course, but if that officer is not caught then no one is going to know any better. Stamper had been an officer at one time and saw an officer he worked with whom he admired beating others. Basically, the power of being a cop got to Stamper’s head and he took advantage of that power until a prosecutor gave him a reality check. Stamper believes that the cops that have a conscience need to be the ones who take control of the bad seeds and assist with stopping police brutality. (Stamper, 2009)In February 2009, a Washington State Sheriff brought a â€Å"slender 15 year old girl† into custody, brought her into a holding cell and told her to remove her shoes. As she was removing her shoes, she allegedly kicked one off and it hit the officer, Paul Schene, in the shin. This was not done intentionally, but the officer became enraged and began to beat the girl. He kicked her, pulled her hair and put his knees into her back, as well as â€Å"slugging† her. All of this was caught on camera. (Stamper, 2009) Throughout the incident, the girl gave no resistance and after it happened, she was handcuffed and brought out of view of the camera. Later on the girl said she was having trouble breathing and paramedics were called. Officer Schene said only that she had a panic attack. Incidents such as that one are what the public are afraid of and what gives  good cops a bad name. It is reported that the incident with that girl is ranked just as bad as the Rodney King beating and the attack of Abner Louima. (Stamper, 2009) When those incidents become public knowledge, law enforcement needs to scramble to find a reason behind what they did. Often times that is not possible and it makes the public’s already tainted point of view even darker. It is really important for police to communicate with the public and make them aware of things that they did not already know. Perhaps if the public was more aware of things that the police did behind the scenes, they would be more apt to trust in law enforcement and not be so judgmental or critical of them. In some ways, yes citizens do have valid reasons for being so concerned about certain things they hear on the news or read in the papers. But a lot of times, stories may be exaggerated and that will make people worry for no reason. In regards to policing and racism, there are some instances where race does come into play when police are working on solving a certain crime. An example would be a crime family under investigation for any number of crimes. Typically, that particular crime family will only allow certain people into their group and those people are all from the same type of ethnic backgrounds. Another example would be someone like a rapist or serial killer. If they have an eye witness to the crime, they will be able to conduct their investigations based on the witness’s description. The suspect may be of one race or ethnic group and therefore, the police must keep an eye out for people who fit that description. That cannot be considered racial, although people will still say that it is. (Connolly, 2001)While not everyone will agree that the police are not shady and are giving people breaks that do not deserve them, everyone should agree that in the case of an emergency, it is nice to know that they have someone around who will be able to assist them. It is important for the public to know that they have help when they need it. Sometimes, police will offer a professional courtesy to a fellow officer and when the public gets wind of that, chaos breaks. Most people will not agree that police officers should not be punished for a crime that a civilian commits and gets punished for. This makes the general  public very angry and then they think they are not able to count on the police when they really need to. Law enforcement also needs to remember that if they are going to allow a member of their own force to get away with someone and then they find a citizen who commits the same crime, such as drunk driving, if that person knows that the cop got away with it, they will expect the same treatment. That is a valid argument for them to have. In closing, law enforcement really is there to protect and serve. That is their job and 99.9 percent of those people love what they do. Civilians need to understand and accept that. References Koenig, D.J. (n.d.) Police perceptions of public respect and extra-legal use of force: a reconsideration of folk wisdom and pluralistic ignorance. Canadian Journal of Sociology, 1(3), 313-324. Retrieved April 26, 2009, from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=sih&AN=13959331&site=ehost-livedatabaseConnolly, C.P. (2001). In Defense of Police. The National Executive Institute Associates (NEIA). Retrieved April 27, 2009, from http://www.neiassociates.org/defense.htmStamper, N. (2009, March 11). Former Police Chief on Cop Brutality: â€Å"Law Enforcement Doesn’t Pick Bad Apples; It Makes Them†. Huffington Post retrieved on April 27, 2009 from http://www.alternet.org/rights/131014/former_police_chief_on_cop_brutality:_%22law_enforcement_doesn’t_pick_bad_apples%3B_it_makes_them%22/

STEM Jobs Opposed to Sports Essay - 508 Words

Does hitting a baseball help the trees grow? Does scoring a goal help fight diseases? No, sports cannot help in cases like these, but STEM can. Kids of today’s generation are dramatically influenced by the idea of making it pro in a sport. This takes away from the ideas of joining a type of STEM job. STEM stands for science, technology, engineering and mathematics. People should start thinking about choosing one of these paths and joining STEM over a chance to go pro. STEM jobs are a lot more available than openings in the sports or entertainment world. People working in a STEM job can earn just the same or even more than those that do sports or that are in movies, and those that are in STEM related jobs help their community and the entire†¦show more content†¦You could become richer as a doctor or many other STEM careers than sports players or actors. The only real upside to becoming a sports star or a movie star, is that fame and glory that could come out of it. Many of those that actually make it to Broadway, Hollywood, or the baseball diamond go big and become really famous. They become known wherever they go, but does this help the world? Will fame help you in the long run, or more importantly, will it help others in the world? STEM jobs can help the environment, people around them, and even the entire world. Doctors help heal the sick and wounded, scientist create cures for viruses and create new technologies, and firefighters fight fires, and plumbers unclog plumbing. All these STEM jobs help people. Does hitting a home run save a life? Does being in a movie help cure cancer? Does singing on stage fight a fire? No, the ones who does this work are the ones that chose a path in STEM. The new generation it completely fixated on fame and fortune in a path, that over 99% will fail. Jobs in the path of science, technology, engineering and mathematics need to be thought about before people devote themselves to trying to make it pro or on stage. STEM jobs are a lot more available than that of openings in the entertainment or sports world. You can earn just as much money following a career in STEM than sports or entertainment, and these types of jobs can help the world. Will you choose to helpShow MoreRelatedWhy Students Should Not Be A College Education Essay1280 Words   |  6 Pagesstudents when they are asked why they went to college. Society has predefined a direction in life for human beings that is believed to be the mantra for success. A student typically goes from high school to a college and further after college takes up a job. It hardly comes as a surprise as to why students fail to attach a reason to pursue a college education, as every student is exp ected to go to college and follow the same direction to be successful in life. The choice of what to do after school is deemedRead MoreDavid and Goliath World Trade Organization Case Study Essay1149 Words   |  5 PagesFall 2010 Prepared by Gary Cooper December 2, 2010 David and Goliath World Trade Organization Case Study Jay Cohen and two friends established an online gaming site on the islands of Antigua and Barbuda; they named the organization World Sports Exchange (WSE). Mr. Cohen was prosecuted by the U.S. government; his conviction resulted in a battle between the U.S. and the two small Caribbean islands of Barbuda and Antigua. The epic battle of David and Goliath was mediated by the World TradeRead MoreAnthropology Is The Study Of Humanity959 Words   |  4 Pagesthe discipline for so long, you would not expect there to be a gap in such a fundamental aspect of human evolution, men as fathers. In Embodying Culture, Tsipy Ivry, writes that, generally, an Israeli man’s involvement in his partner’s pregnancy is stems around medical decisions, such as having an amniocentesis. Noting, â€Å"the very emergence of men in the scene of pregnancy is a sign that a drama is happening or is about to happen.†(2010, p. 260) In Israel doctors do not tell their pregnant patientsRead MoreThe Protest Of The Sunset Strip1894 Words   |  8 Pagesdevelopment and works to preserve the Hollywood Hills area. The non-profit organization released a Justifications for Appeal in August 2016 in order to modify the development to fit the community’s needs. This is often the case where community members are opposed to such large-scale development for fear of major modifications to existing establishments. West Hollywood City councilmembers Lauren Meister and John D’Amico have also advocated against the development. The two councilmembers supported the viewsRead More George bush Essay1691 Words   |  7 PagesBush was a moderate Republican and a supporter of President Dwight David Eisenhower. Senator Bush strongly opposed the partys far right wing, represented in the 1950s by U.S. Senator Joseph McCarthy of Wisconsin, who led a campaign against Communist subversion in the United States. Bushs mother, Dorothy Walker, the daughter of a Missouri industrialist, encouraged her children to play sports and learn humility and manners. Bush graduated from Phillips Academy at Andover, Massachusetts, in 1942,Read MoreStem Cells And Its Effects On Human Life2914 Words   |  12 PagesDNA, but in recent years, stem cell research has become more of the primary focus in the world of medicine. Scientists see the next ten years as being monumental in the growth of biology, as stem cells continue to amaze them with their potential to save and improve the quality of human life. These cells have the possibility to save millions of people with diseases thought to be incurable. However, there is controversy about the use of certain types of stem cells. Some stem cells are obtained from theRead MoreHonduras And Its Impact On American Culture1582 Words   |  7 Pagespresident. Since leaving office in 1839, many presidents have taken his place. One quite memorable ruler was Manuel Zelaya Rosales, who, after propsing to making constitutional changes that would allow for presidents to serve two consecutive terms opposed to one, w as â€Å"deposed by the national military in a coup backed by the National Congress.† (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Manuel-Zelaya) Rosales was not the only cause for political unrest. In the 1900’s the country faced many problems questioningRead MoreAffirmative Action in a Post-Racial Corporate World1488 Words   |  6 Pages To give one an idea of how severe the suffering is amongst the black community, last month while the white unemployment rate fell to 7.5%, the black unemployment rate remained at 15.8%, exactly where it was at the outset of 2011 (Censky). If the job market for black people is bad, the home front is arguably even more depressing as approximately one in three black children - a full 36 percent of black youth - lives in poverty (its one in five for the general population) (Hing). But wait, it getsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Disneyfication Of Broadway 1416 Words   |  6 Pagesadaptation of musicals from film Margo Lion; an established producer responsible for the stage production of The Wedding Singer (based on the 1998 film), attributes the success of Disney adaptations to â€Å"the significance of brands.† She states that, as opposed to the original ideologies of adaptation which assumed â€Å"that if a story existed in a movie, for example, that people wouldn’ t want to come and see it in musical form,† Disney has proven â€Å"that people actually like to see things they are familiar withRead MoreHow Gender Affects Women s Role1644 Words   |  7 Pagesjournalism s female students (Lipinski, 2014). On the background of the forgoing facts, the newsroom diversity endures being one of the most important topics amongst scholars and professionals in journalism. The importance of diversity in newsrooms stems from the need for divergent journalists who can cover the variety of community s aspects, so the news coverage would be comprehensive, objective, and fair. However, the fact has been that males often prevail in newsrooms. These masculine newsrooms